I still remember that those who learn the German language said that this language is based on a set of rules and it’s easy to learn compared to English. Perhaps, it’s true in certain context. But once you get to know more, it’s not always the case. Vemal and I have an argument on the Perfekt mit “sein” oder “haben” regarding the special case “ist ge --- en”. The normal case for pass perfect tense in German language is to use “haben”. But there are two exceptional conditions which you must use “sein”. The statement given by our teacher is that those verbs involve the changing of place and the changing of state. This rule can be simplified as below:
If (verb == {changing of state} verb == {changing of place})
use “sein”
else
use “haben”
Let’s the verb = schwimmen, which category should the verb swim belong to?
No specific answer, it depends on the situation. According to my teacher’s explanation, if you swim in a pool, you should use “haben”. Wait a moment! Vemal claimed that swim in an Olympic-size swimming pool from one end to another is actually a change of place. So, when should we use “sein”? My teacher’s answer is when you swim across the river.
The conclusion is:
swim across the river != swim in the pool
It’s not easy. You have to make a correct assumption otherwise you might be wrong.
Martin Luther – many people should hear about his name if you take Sejarah Dunia in you secondary school. He translated the New Testament from Greek to German and became the creator of modern German language. So, he is the one who set the rules?
Pic . Altbau (Old Hause) in German
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